![]() It is a subfield of cultural anthropologyĩ Monolingual State a country in which only one language is spoken Multilingual State a country in which more than one language is in use Official Language should a multilingual state adopt an official language?ġ2 World Languages Over 7,000 languages spoken in the worldġ3 Language Families Indo-European (Americas, Europe, Southwest Asia, Australia, South Africa) Sino-Tibetan (China, Southeast Asia) Japanese-Korean (Japan, Korean Peninsula) Afro-Asiatic (North Africa, Arabian Peninsula) Dravidian (India) Malay-Polynesian (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Madagascar) Ural-Altaic (Russia, Northern Asia, Finland, Turkey) Niger-Congo (Sub-Saharan Africa) American Indian (South America, Meso-America, Northern America)ġ4 Language Families Language families – have a shared, but fairly distant origin (e.g. Main areas of study: How language is used Relationship between language and culture How humans acquire language A Linguistic Anthropologist would look at: Verbal language Non-verbal language Linguistic anthropologists study the variation in human languages, the roots of human languages, and the role of language in shaping human thought and behavior. Creole language – a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people. Pidgin language – a language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary. Lingua franca – A language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce. ![]() Human interaction print distribution migration trade rise of nation-states colonialism In 1975, France banned the use of foreign words in advertisements, television and radio broadcasts, and official documents.) Without language, culture could not be transmitted Cultures of all sizes fiercely protect their language. Language convergence – when peoples with different languages have consistent spatial interaction and their languages collapse into one. When a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks the language into dialects and then new languages. Soda, Pop)Ĥ How is language formed? Language divergence – Preliterate societies – no written languageģ What is language? Dialects – differences in vocabulary, syntax (the way words are put together to form phrases), pronunciation, cadence (the rhythm of speech), and even the pace of speech Isoglosses – geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs, move over time (e.g. Languages are not static, but change continuously. 2 What is language? Language – a set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication.
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